An Attempt to Model the Main and Normal Cutting Forces Dependencies between Cutting Parameters and Some Strength Properties of Wood by Flat Longitudinal Cutting
Emeritus from The Agricultural University of Poznań
ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, PolandE-mail: poranek@amu.edu.pl
Received:
Received: 19 January 2022; revised: 4 March 2022; accepted: 7 March 2022; published online: 18 March 2022
DOI: 10.12921/cmst.2022.0000002
Abstract:
This paper evaluates multi-factor, non-linear dependencies of main (F_C) and normal (trust) (F _N) cutting forces, from chip thickness (a_p), rake angle (γ_F) and some strength properties, namely the compression strength parallel to wood fibers (R_C∥), tensile strength perpendicular to wood fibers (R_T⊥), shearing strength parallel to wood fibers (R_S∥) and bending strength (R_B), for three North American wood species (analyzed altogether), by opened, flat, longitudinal cutting and very low cutting speed, based on work [1]. In the analyzed relations, several strong interactions were evidenced, graphically illustrated and discussed. Although a wood density (D) and a moisture content (m_c), were not taken into account in this study, very good fit was obtained. The lowest influence of the R_C∥ on the F_C and the F_N cutting forces was observed.
Key words:
chip thickness, longitudinal cutting, main cutting force, multi-variable non-linear formulas, normal cutting force, opened cutting, orthogonal cutting, rake angle, strength properties, Sugar Pine, White Ash, Yellow Birch
References:
[1] N.C. Franz, An Analysis of the Wood-cutting Process, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1958).
[2] J. Time, Soprotivlene metallov i dereva rezaniû (Cutting resistance of metals and wood), Dermacov Press House, St. P tersburg, Russia (1870).
[3] M.A. Deševoj, Mehaniceskaâ tehnologâ dereva (Mechanical technology of wood), LTA (1939).
[4] E. Kivimaa, The cutting force in woodworking, Rep. No. 18, The State Institute for Technical Research, Helsinki (1950).
[5] T. Orlicz, Obróbka drewna narzędziami tnącymi (Machining of wood with use of cutting tools), Study book SGGW-AR, Warsaw (1982).
[6] P.S. Afanasev, Derevoobrabatyvaûsie stanki (Woodworking machinery), Moskva (1961).
[7] V.V. Amalitskij, V.I. Lûbcenko, Stanki i instrumenty derevoobrabatyvaûsih predpriâtij (Machinery and tools of woodworking factories), Moskva (1977).
[8] A.L. Beršadskij, Razcet režimov rezaniâ devesiny (Resolution of modes of wood machining), Moskva (1967).
[9] G. Goli, Measurement of cutting forces in high speed cutting with simultaneous ultra-high-speed photography of chip formation patterns, COST-STSM-E35-1782 (2007).
[10] B. Porankiewicz, B. Axelsson, A.Grönlund, B. Marklund, Main and normal cutting forces by machining of wood of Pinus Sylvestris, BioResources 6(4), 3687–3713 (2011).
[11] F. Eyma, Study of the properties of thirteen tropical wood species to improve the prediction of cutting forces in mode B, Ann. For. Sci. 61, 55–64 (2004).
[12] B. Porankiewicz, D. Wieczorek, M. Durkovic, I. Idzikowski, Z. Węgrzyn, Modelling Cutting Forces using the Moduli of Elasticity in Oak Peripheral Milling, BioResources 16(1), 1424–1437 (2021).
[13] R. Wagenfür, C. Scheiber, Holzatlas, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, Germany (1974).
[14] B. Porankiewicz, Wood_Cutting, Program in Delphy for calculation wood cutting forces, not published (2021).
This paper evaluates multi-factor, non-linear dependencies of main (F_C) and normal (trust) (F _N) cutting forces, from chip thickness (a_p), rake angle (γ_F) and some strength properties, namely the compression strength parallel to wood fibers (R_C∥), tensile strength perpendicular to wood fibers (R_T⊥), shearing strength parallel to wood fibers (R_S∥) and bending strength (R_B), for three North American wood species (analyzed altogether), by opened, flat, longitudinal cutting and very low cutting speed, based on work [1]. In the analyzed relations, several strong interactions were evidenced, graphically illustrated and discussed. Although a wood density (D) and a moisture content (m_c), were not taken into account in this study, very good fit was obtained. The lowest influence of the R_C∥ on the F_C and the F_N cutting forces was observed.
Key words:
chip thickness, longitudinal cutting, main cutting force, multi-variable non-linear formulas, normal cutting force, opened cutting, orthogonal cutting, rake angle, strength properties, Sugar Pine, White Ash, Yellow Birch
References:
[1] N.C. Franz, An Analysis of the Wood-cutting Process, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1958).
[2] J. Time, Soprotivlene metallov i dereva rezaniû (Cutting resistance of metals and wood), Dermacov Press House, St. P tersburg, Russia (1870).
[3] M.A. Deševoj, Mehaniceskaâ tehnologâ dereva (Mechanical technology of wood), LTA (1939).
[4] E. Kivimaa, The cutting force in woodworking, Rep. No. 18, The State Institute for Technical Research, Helsinki (1950).
[5] T. Orlicz, Obróbka drewna narzędziami tnącymi (Machining of wood with use of cutting tools), Study book SGGW-AR, Warsaw (1982).
[6] P.S. Afanasev, Derevoobrabatyvaûsie stanki (Woodworking machinery), Moskva (1961).
[7] V.V. Amalitskij, V.I. Lûbcenko, Stanki i instrumenty derevoobrabatyvaûsih predpriâtij (Machinery and tools of woodworking factories), Moskva (1977).
[8] A.L. Beršadskij, Razcet režimov rezaniâ devesiny (Resolution of modes of wood machining), Moskva (1967).
[9] G. Goli, Measurement of cutting forces in high speed cutting with simultaneous ultra-high-speed photography of chip formation patterns, COST-STSM-E35-1782 (2007).
[10] B. Porankiewicz, B. Axelsson, A.Grönlund, B. Marklund, Main and normal cutting forces by machining of wood of Pinus Sylvestris, BioResources 6(4), 3687–3713 (2011).
[11] F. Eyma, Study of the properties of thirteen tropical wood species to improve the prediction of cutting forces in mode B, Ann. For. Sci. 61, 55–64 (2004).
[12] B. Porankiewicz, D. Wieczorek, M. Durkovic, I. Idzikowski, Z. Węgrzyn, Modelling Cutting Forces using the Moduli of Elasticity in Oak Peripheral Milling, BioResources 16(1), 1424–1437 (2021).
[13] R. Wagenfür, C. Scheiber, Holzatlas, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, Germany (1974).
[14] B. Porankiewicz, Wood_Cutting, Program in Delphy for calculation wood cutting forces, not published (2021).
