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Why Instantaneous Values of the “Covariant” Lyapunov Exponents Depend upon the Chosen State-Space Scale

Hoover Wm.G. , Hoover C.G.

We explore a simple example of a chaotic thermostated harmonic-oscillator system which exhibits qualitatively different local Lyapunov exponents for simple scale-model constant-volume transformations of its coordinate q and momentum p: { q, p } → { (Q/s), (sP ) }. The time-dependent thermostat ...