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Two-temperature pedagogical cell models, extensions of the equilibrium Einstein model of solid state physics, can allow nonequilibrium hot-to-cold heat transfer. These heat-flow models can be driven by thermostatted temperature differences, for instance between horizontal and vertical degrees of ...
“Pedagogical derivations for Nosé’s dynamics can be developed in two different ways, (i) by starting with a temperature-dependent Hamiltonian in which the variable s scales the time or the mass, or (ii) by requiring that the equations of motion generate the canonical distribution in ...