Supporting the Creation of Some Class of Well-founded OWL-DL Ontologies
Institute of Control and Information Engineering
Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
E-mail: jolanta.cybulka@put.poznan.pl
Received:
Received: 09 December 2016; revised: 24 February 2017; accepted: 24 February 2017; published online: 18 March 2017
DOI: 10.12921/cmst.2016.0000064
Abstract:
We present the method for creating semantically rich OWL-DL ontologies. Such ontologies contain a top part consisting of the most general concepts that are linked by carefully designed basic formal relations, which is why the ontologies are called well-founded. As the top part we apply the foundational paradigm of constructive descriptions and situations c.DnS known from literature, using it to obtain the method of a layered ontology creation. Every layer may contain ontological capsules, i.e. modules that are defined according to an expressive content pattern (formed on the basis of c.DnS), which makes the whole ontology well-founded. The method is equipped with the semantically strong computational tool that effectively supports a user in the process of creation and population of the considered well-founded ontologies.
Key words:
conceptual modelling, foundational ontology, ontology development tool, well-founded ontology
References:
[1] A. Gangemi, J. Lehmann, C. Catenacci, Norms and plans as unification criteria for social collectives. In: Proceedings of Dagstuhl Seminar 07122, Normative Multi-agent Systems, G. Boella, L. v. d. Torre, H. Verhagen (Eds.), Vol. II ISSN 1862-4405, pp. 48-87, http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2007/910, 2007 [retrieved: January 2017].
[2] OWL-DL implementation of the generic relation of c.DnSPL ontology, http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/cD nSPL/c.DnSPL.zip, [retrieved: January 2017].
[3] A. Gangemi, V. Presutti, Ontology Design Patterns, Hand- book on Ontologies, Second Edition, Editors: S. Staab, R. Studer, ISBN: 978-3-540-70999-2, pp.221-244, 2009.
[4] P. Cimiano, Ontology Learning and Population from Text. Algorithms, Evaluation and Applications, Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-30632-2, 2006.
[5] OWLWebOntologyLanguageGuide,W3CRecommenda- tion 10 February 2004, https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ [retrieved: January 2017].
[6] A. Piotrowicz, I. Procek, GUI to Support the Creation of Well-founded c.DnSPL Ontologies (in Polish), BEng thesis, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, 2016.
[7] H. Knoblauch, An example ontology for tutorial purposes, mirrored at: http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/ travel.owl, 2016, [retrieved: January 2017]
[8] ResultingOntologies,http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/OW LED-ontologies.zip, 2016 [retrieved: January 2017].
[9] A. Fernández López, Overview of methodologies for building ontologies. In: Proc. of the IJCAI 1999 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem Solving Methods KRR5 Stockholm, Sweden 1999.
[10] O. Corcho, M. Fernández López, A.Gómez-Pérez, Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies: where is their meeting point?, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 46, 1, 41-64, July 2003.
[11] A. Piotrowicz, I. Procek, c.DnSPL ontology generation tool, mirrored at http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/ cDnSPL10.jar, 2016 [retrieved: January 2017].
[12] J. Cybulka, J. Dutkiewicz, M. Żętkowski, Ontology-based Generation of Event Extraction Templates and Frames. In: Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics, Z. Vetulani & J. Mariani (eds.). In: Proc. of the 7th Language and Technology Conference, Poz- nan ́, Poland, http://ltc.amu.edu.pl/book/papers/OWN-2.pdf, 2015 [retrieved: January 2017].
[13] J. Cybulka, J. Dutkiewicz, Events Extractor for Polish in a Semantics-Driven Mode. In: Human Language Tech- nologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Lin- guistics, Z. Vetulani & J. Mariani (eds.). In: Proc. of the 7th Language and Technology Conference, Poznań, Poland, http://ltc.amu.edu.pl/book/papers/IRIE-4.pdf, 2015 [retrieved: January 2017].
[14] A. Gangemi et al., C-ODO: an OWL meta-model for col- laborative ontology design, Proc. of Workshop on Social and Collaborative Construction of Structured Knowledge, at 16th International World Wide Web Conference, May 8– 12, 2007, Banff, Canada, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-273/paper_- 38.pdf, 2007 [retrieved: January 2017].
[15] B. Stadlhofer, P. Salhofer, A. Durlacher, An Overview of Ontology Engineering Methodologies in the Context of Pub- lic Administration, Proc. of 7th International Conference on Advances in Semantic Processing (SEMAPRO 2013), September 29-October 3, 2013, Porto, Portugal, ISBN: 978- 1-61208-293-6, 2013.
[16] N. Casellas, Methodologies, Tools and Languages for Ontology Design, in: Legal Ontology Engineering. Methodologies, Modelling Trends, and the Ontology of Professional Judicial Knowledge, Springer, ISBN 978-94-007-1496-0, pp. 57–109, 2011.
[17] M.C. Suárez-Figueroa, A. Gómez-Pérez, M. Fernández López, The NeOn Methodology for Ontology Engineering, in: Ontology Engineering in a Networked World, M. C. Suárez- Figueroa, A. Gómez-Pérez, E. Motta, and A. Gangemi (Eds.), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 9–34, 2012.
[18] RDF Schema 1.1. W3C Recommendation 25 February 2014, https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ [retrieved: Jan- uary 2017].
We present the method for creating semantically rich OWL-DL ontologies. Such ontologies contain a top part consisting of the most general concepts that are linked by carefully designed basic formal relations, which is why the ontologies are called well-founded. As the top part we apply the foundational paradigm of constructive descriptions and situations c.DnS known from literature, using it to obtain the method of a layered ontology creation. Every layer may contain ontological capsules, i.e. modules that are defined according to an expressive content pattern (formed on the basis of c.DnS), which makes the whole ontology well-founded. The method is equipped with the semantically strong computational tool that effectively supports a user in the process of creation and population of the considered well-founded ontologies.
Key words:
conceptual modelling, foundational ontology, ontology development tool, well-founded ontology
References:
[1] A. Gangemi, J. Lehmann, C. Catenacci, Norms and plans as unification criteria for social collectives. In: Proceedings of Dagstuhl Seminar 07122, Normative Multi-agent Systems, G. Boella, L. v. d. Torre, H. Verhagen (Eds.), Vol. II ISSN 1862-4405, pp. 48-87, http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2007/910, 2007 [retrieved: January 2017].
[2] OWL-DL implementation of the generic relation of c.DnSPL ontology, http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/cD nSPL/c.DnSPL.zip, [retrieved: January 2017].
[3] A. Gangemi, V. Presutti, Ontology Design Patterns, Hand- book on Ontologies, Second Edition, Editors: S. Staab, R. Studer, ISBN: 978-3-540-70999-2, pp.221-244, 2009.
[4] P. Cimiano, Ontology Learning and Population from Text. Algorithms, Evaluation and Applications, Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-30632-2, 2006.
[5] OWLWebOntologyLanguageGuide,W3CRecommenda- tion 10 February 2004, https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ [retrieved: January 2017].
[6] A. Piotrowicz, I. Procek, GUI to Support the Creation of Well-founded c.DnSPL Ontologies (in Polish), BEng thesis, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, 2016.
[7] H. Knoblauch, An example ontology for tutorial purposes, mirrored at: http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/ travel.owl, 2016, [retrieved: January 2017]
[8] ResultingOntologies,http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/OW LED-ontologies.zip, 2016 [retrieved: January 2017].
[9] A. Fernández López, Overview of methodologies for building ontologies. In: Proc. of the IJCAI 1999 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem Solving Methods KRR5 Stockholm, Sweden 1999.
[10] O. Corcho, M. Fernández López, A.Gómez-Pérez, Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies: where is their meeting point?, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 46, 1, 41-64, July 2003.
[11] A. Piotrowicz, I. Procek, c.DnSPL ontology generation tool, mirrored at http://users.man.poznan.pl/jolac/ cDnSPL10.jar, 2016 [retrieved: January 2017].
[12] J. Cybulka, J. Dutkiewicz, M. Żętkowski, Ontology-based Generation of Event Extraction Templates and Frames. In: Human Language Technologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Linguistics, Z. Vetulani & J. Mariani (eds.). In: Proc. of the 7th Language and Technology Conference, Poz- nan ́, Poland, http://ltc.amu.edu.pl/book/papers/OWN-2.pdf, 2015 [retrieved: January 2017].
[13] J. Cybulka, J. Dutkiewicz, Events Extractor for Polish in a Semantics-Driven Mode. In: Human Language Tech- nologies as a Challenge for Computer Science and Lin- guistics, Z. Vetulani & J. Mariani (eds.). In: Proc. of the 7th Language and Technology Conference, Poznań, Poland, http://ltc.amu.edu.pl/book/papers/IRIE-4.pdf, 2015 [retrieved: January 2017].
[14] A. Gangemi et al., C-ODO: an OWL meta-model for col- laborative ontology design, Proc. of Workshop on Social and Collaborative Construction of Structured Knowledge, at 16th International World Wide Web Conference, May 8– 12, 2007, Banff, Canada, http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-273/paper_- 38.pdf, 2007 [retrieved: January 2017].
[15] B. Stadlhofer, P. Salhofer, A. Durlacher, An Overview of Ontology Engineering Methodologies in the Context of Pub- lic Administration, Proc. of 7th International Conference on Advances in Semantic Processing (SEMAPRO 2013), September 29-October 3, 2013, Porto, Portugal, ISBN: 978- 1-61208-293-6, 2013.
[16] N. Casellas, Methodologies, Tools and Languages for Ontology Design, in: Legal Ontology Engineering. Methodologies, Modelling Trends, and the Ontology of Professional Judicial Knowledge, Springer, ISBN 978-94-007-1496-0, pp. 57–109, 2011.
[17] M.C. Suárez-Figueroa, A. Gómez-Pérez, M. Fernández López, The NeOn Methodology for Ontology Engineering, in: Ontology Engineering in a Networked World, M. C. Suárez- Figueroa, A. Gómez-Pérez, E. Motta, and A. Gangemi (Eds.), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 9–34, 2012.
[18] RDF Schema 1.1. W3C Recommendation 25 February 2014, https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ [retrieved: Jan- uary 2017].
