Measurements and Simulations of Engineered Ultrasound Loudspeakers
Bratoszewski Piotr, Cichowski Janusz, Czyżewski Andrzej
Multimedia Systems Department (MSD), Gdansk University of Technology (GUT)
Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics
Gdańsk, Poland
E-mails: {bratoszewski, jay, andcz}@sound.eti.pg.gda.pl
Received:
Received: 07 December 2014; revised: 26 May 2015; accepted: 07 July 2015; published online: 07 September 2015
DOI: 10.12921/cmst.2015.21.03.006
Abstract:
Simulation and measurement results of the sound emitted from an ultrasound custom-made system with high spatial directivity are presented. The proposed system is using modulated ultrasound waves which demodulate in nonlinear medium resulting in audible sound. The system is aimed at enhancing the users’ personal audio space, therefore the measurements are performed using the Head and Torso Simulator which provides realistic reproduction of the human auditory system. Based on the measurements of the sound emitted from the two parametric arrays of ultrasonic transducers the directivity of the proposed system and the interaural crosstalk characteristics are determined. Application of the system concerns creating a personal audio space for users of mobile platforms, such as notebooks, and applying 3D audio algorithms without the need of using headphones.
Key words:
interaural crosstalk, parametric array, sound from ultrasound
References:
[1] P.J. Westervelt, Parametric Acoustic Array, J. Acoust. Soc.
35(4), 535-537 (1963).
[2] M. Yoneyama., J. Fujimoto, The audio spotlight: An application
of nonlinear interaction of sound waves to a new type
of loudspeaker design, J. Acoust Soc. Am. 73(5), 1532-1536
(1983).
[3] M.F. Hamilton, D.T. Blackstock, Nonlinear Acoustics, Academic
Press, San Diego 1998, Chap. 3.
[4] W. Gan, J. Yang, T. Kamakura, A review of parametric acoustic
array in air, J. Applied Acoust 73(12), 1211–1219 (2012).
[5] T. Kamakura, K. Aoki, A Highly Directional Audio System
Rusing Parametric Array in Air, 9th WESPAC, Seoul, 2006.
[6] T. Gudra, K. Opieli´nski, The Parametric Formation of Acoustic
Waves in the Air by Using Ultrasonic Transducers, Revista
de Acustica XXXII, Sevilla 2002.
[7] C. Shi, W. Gan, Development of a Parametric Loudspeaker:
A Novel Directional Generation Technology, IEEE Potentials
29(6), 20-24 (2010).
[8] J. Croft, M. Spencer, J. Norris, Modulator processing
for a parametric speaker system, Patent no. US6584205,
24.06.2003.
[9] T4010A Ultrasonic Transmitter, Nippon Ceramic,
datasheet visited online (24.05.2014):
http://www.nicera.co.jp/pro/ut/pdf/T4010A1(ENG).pdf
[10] F100B Ultrasonic Parametric Speaker Driving Circuit ,
Nippon Ceramic, datasheet visited online (24.05.2014):
http://www.nicera.co.jp/pro/ut/ut-04e.html
[11] K. Miura, Ultrasonic Directive Speaker, Elektor Magazine,??
issue 3/2011, March 2011, pp. 56- 60.
[12] FOCUS Fast Object-Oriented C++ Ultrasound Simulator.
Michigan State University. Project homepage:
http://www.egr.msu.edu/˜fultras-web/index.php
[13] K. ˙ Zopatka, A. Czy˙zewski, Measurements of acoustic
crosstalk cancellation efficiency in mobile listening conditions,
IEEE Conf. on Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures,
Arrangements and Applications, Poznan, 2013, pp.
215- 219.
Simulation and measurement results of the sound emitted from an ultrasound custom-made system with high spatial directivity are presented. The proposed system is using modulated ultrasound waves which demodulate in nonlinear medium resulting in audible sound. The system is aimed at enhancing the users’ personal audio space, therefore the measurements are performed using the Head and Torso Simulator which provides realistic reproduction of the human auditory system. Based on the measurements of the sound emitted from the two parametric arrays of ultrasonic transducers the directivity of the proposed system and the interaural crosstalk characteristics are determined. Application of the system concerns creating a personal audio space for users of mobile platforms, such as notebooks, and applying 3D audio algorithms without the need of using headphones.
Key words:
interaural crosstalk, parametric array, sound from ultrasound
References:
[1] P.J. Westervelt, Parametric Acoustic Array, J. Acoust. Soc.
35(4), 535-537 (1963).
[2] M. Yoneyama., J. Fujimoto, The audio spotlight: An application
of nonlinear interaction of sound waves to a new type
of loudspeaker design, J. Acoust Soc. Am. 73(5), 1532-1536
(1983).
[3] M.F. Hamilton, D.T. Blackstock, Nonlinear Acoustics, Academic
Press, San Diego 1998, Chap. 3.
[4] W. Gan, J. Yang, T. Kamakura, A review of parametric acoustic
array in air, J. Applied Acoust 73(12), 1211–1219 (2012).
[5] T. Kamakura, K. Aoki, A Highly Directional Audio System
Rusing Parametric Array in Air, 9th WESPAC, Seoul, 2006.
[6] T. Gudra, K. Opieli´nski, The Parametric Formation of Acoustic
Waves in the Air by Using Ultrasonic Transducers, Revista
de Acustica XXXII, Sevilla 2002.
[7] C. Shi, W. Gan, Development of a Parametric Loudspeaker:
A Novel Directional Generation Technology, IEEE Potentials
29(6), 20-24 (2010).
[8] J. Croft, M. Spencer, J. Norris, Modulator processing
for a parametric speaker system, Patent no. US6584205,
24.06.2003.
[9] T4010A Ultrasonic Transmitter, Nippon Ceramic,
datasheet visited online (24.05.2014):
http://www.nicera.co.jp/pro/ut/pdf/T4010A1(ENG).pdf
[10] F100B Ultrasonic Parametric Speaker Driving Circuit ,
Nippon Ceramic, datasheet visited online (24.05.2014):
http://www.nicera.co.jp/pro/ut/ut-04e.html
[11] K. Miura, Ultrasonic Directive Speaker, Elektor Magazine,??
issue 3/2011, March 2011, pp. 56- 60.
[12] FOCUS Fast Object-Oriented C++ Ultrasound Simulator.
Michigan State University. Project homepage:
http://www.egr.msu.edu/˜fultras-web/index.php
[13] K. ˙ Zopatka, A. Czy˙zewski, Measurements of acoustic
crosstalk cancellation efficiency in mobile listening conditions,
IEEE Conf. on Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures,
Arrangements and Applications, Poznan, 2013, pp.
215- 219.
