Filtering Poincaré plots
Piskorski Jarosław 1*, Guzik Przemysław 2
1Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
2Department of Cardiology – Intensive Therapy, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
*e-mail: jaropis@proton.if.uz.zgora.pl
Received:
Rec. 22 June 2005
DOI: 10.12921/cmst.2005.11.01.39-48
OAI: oai:lib.psnc.pl:580
Abstract:
The Poincaré plot (PP) is one of the many techniques used for ascertaining the heart rate variability, which in turn is a marker of the activity of the autonomic system. Poincaré plots are very simple to produce, but their preparation involves a few fine points. This paper describes one of them, namely the filtering of data used for the Poincaré plot. We show the correct way of filtering data, present a few results of not filtering or incorrect filtering and demonstrate how proper filtering helps extract interesting information from the data. A few algorithms for preparing Poincaré plots, filtering data and calculating PP descriptors are included. As Matlab’s programming language is the unquestionable standard for data analysis in the medical sciences, we illustrate these algorithms by snippets of code in this language.
Key words:
computer data analysis, HRV, nonlinear dynamics, Poincaré plots
References:
[1] M. Brennan, M. Palaniswami and P. Kamen, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 48, 1342 (2001).
[2] M. Brennan, M. Palaniswami and P. Kamen, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, H1873 (2002).
[3] E. Ott, Chaos in dynamical systems (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993).
[4] Heart rate variability. Standards o measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the Working Groups on Arrhythmias and Computers in Cardiology of the ESC and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE), European Heart Journal 93, 1043-1065 (1996).
[5] P. Guzik and J. Piskorski, Folia Cardiologica 12 suppl. D, O271:432-435 (2005).
[6] The interpreter of the Octave language may be downloaded from www.octave.org
[7] S. T. Karris, Signals and systems with Matlab applications (Orchard Publications, Fermont, 2003).
[8] P. F. Carleton, Physiology of the cardiovascular system, in: Pathophysiology. Clinical aspects of disease process edited by S. A. Price (Mosby Year Book, St. Louis 1992) pp. 382-392.
[9] W. Wiedmeier, Cardiac and circulatory physiology in: Essential of human physiology. Integrated Medical Curriculum edited by T. M. Nosek (1999); chapter 3: http://imc.gsm.com
[10] R. Hainsworth, Physiology of the cardiac autonomic system in: Clinical guide to cardiac autonomic tests edited by M. Malik (Kluwer Academic Publishers, London 1998) pp. 3-28.
[11] B. Surawicz and T. K. Knilans, Normal electrocardiogram: origin and description in Chou’s electrocardiography in clinical practice. Adult and pediatric edited by B. Surawicz, T. K. Knilans (W. B. Saunders Company. New York 2001) pp. 3-27.
[12] R. Mrowka, P. B. Persson, H. Theres and A. Patzak, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279, R1171 (2000).
[13] D. L. Eckberg, J. Physiol. 548, 339 (2003).
[14] G. Parati, J. P. Saul and P. Castiglioni, J. Hypertens 22, 1259 (2004).
[15] D. L. Eckberg, Circulation 96, 3224 (1997).
[16] M. R. Guevara, L. Glass and A. Shrire, Science 214, 1350 (1981).
[17] P. Guzik, J. Piskorski, T. Krauze, R. Schneider, K. H. Wesseling, A. Wykrętowicz, H. Wysocki, Folia Cardiologica 12, suppl. D, P013:17-20 (2005).
[18] P. Guzik, J. Piskorski, B. Bychowiec, A. Węgrzynowski, T. Krauze, R. Schneider, P. Liszkowski, A, Wykrętowicz, B. Wierusz-Wysocka and H. Wysocki, Folia Cardiologica 12,
suppl. D, P030:64-67 (2005).
[19] A. J. E. Seely, P. T. Macklem, Critical Care 6, R367 (2004).
[20] The movies can be downloaded from www.if.uz.zgora.pl/~jaropis/filters.html
The Poincaré plot (PP) is one of the many techniques used for ascertaining the heart rate variability, which in turn is a marker of the activity of the autonomic system. Poincaré plots are very simple to produce, but their preparation involves a few fine points. This paper describes one of them, namely the filtering of data used for the Poincaré plot. We show the correct way of filtering data, present a few results of not filtering or incorrect filtering and demonstrate how proper filtering helps extract interesting information from the data. A few algorithms for preparing Poincaré plots, filtering data and calculating PP descriptors are included. As Matlab’s programming language is the unquestionable standard for data analysis in the medical sciences, we illustrate these algorithms by snippets of code in this language.
Key words:
computer data analysis, HRV, nonlinear dynamics, Poincaré plots
References:
[1] M. Brennan, M. Palaniswami and P. Kamen, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 48, 1342 (2001).
[2] M. Brennan, M. Palaniswami and P. Kamen, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, H1873 (2002).
[3] E. Ott, Chaos in dynamical systems (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993).
[4] Heart rate variability. Standards o measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the Working Groups on Arrhythmias and Computers in Cardiology of the ESC and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE), European Heart Journal 93, 1043-1065 (1996).
[5] P. Guzik and J. Piskorski, Folia Cardiologica 12 suppl. D, O271:432-435 (2005).
[6] The interpreter of the Octave language may be downloaded from www.octave.org
[7] S. T. Karris, Signals and systems with Matlab applications (Orchard Publications, Fermont, 2003).
[8] P. F. Carleton, Physiology of the cardiovascular system, in: Pathophysiology. Clinical aspects of disease process edited by S. A. Price (Mosby Year Book, St. Louis 1992) pp. 382-392.
[9] W. Wiedmeier, Cardiac and circulatory physiology in: Essential of human physiology. Integrated Medical Curriculum edited by T. M. Nosek (1999); chapter 3: http://imc.gsm.com
[10] R. Hainsworth, Physiology of the cardiac autonomic system in: Clinical guide to cardiac autonomic tests edited by M. Malik (Kluwer Academic Publishers, London 1998) pp. 3-28.
[11] B. Surawicz and T. K. Knilans, Normal electrocardiogram: origin and description in Chou’s electrocardiography in clinical practice. Adult and pediatric edited by B. Surawicz, T. K. Knilans (W. B. Saunders Company. New York 2001) pp. 3-27.
[12] R. Mrowka, P. B. Persson, H. Theres and A. Patzak, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279, R1171 (2000).
[13] D. L. Eckberg, J. Physiol. 548, 339 (2003).
[14] G. Parati, J. P. Saul and P. Castiglioni, J. Hypertens 22, 1259 (2004).
[15] D. L. Eckberg, Circulation 96, 3224 (1997).
[16] M. R. Guevara, L. Glass and A. Shrire, Science 214, 1350 (1981).
[17] P. Guzik, J. Piskorski, T. Krauze, R. Schneider, K. H. Wesseling, A. Wykrętowicz, H. Wysocki, Folia Cardiologica 12, suppl. D, P013:17-20 (2005).
[18] P. Guzik, J. Piskorski, B. Bychowiec, A. Węgrzynowski, T. Krauze, R. Schneider, P. Liszkowski, A, Wykrętowicz, B. Wierusz-Wysocka and H. Wysocki, Folia Cardiologica 12,
suppl. D, P030:64-67 (2005).
[19] A. J. E. Seely, P. T. Macklem, Critical Care 6, R367 (2004).
[20] The movies can be downloaded from www.if.uz.zgora.pl/~jaropis/filters.html
